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In today’s world, selecting between direct burial and aerial fiber cables is important for a good network. But the question is: Which option is best for your project? Well! Depending on some factors, every kind has its advantages and complications. So, This article will explain these important factors to guide you toward an informed decision. Keep reading!

Figure 1: Fiber Optic Cable

1) Understanding the Cable Types: Direct Burial vs Aerial Fiber

i) What is Direct Burial Cable?

Direct burial fiber optic cable is a type of fiber cable which is specially designed to be placed directly into the ground without the need for protective tubing. 

Figure 2: Direct Burial Fiber Cable

• Properties

• Armored for protection: Direct burial cables usually have an armor steel or some other tough material that protects the cable from pressure, sharp rocks, soil change, and other forms of soil intrusion.

• Rodent protection: The other benefit of the armored layer is that it safeguards the cables from being chewed by underground pests like rodents, thus lessening the chances of damage.

• Gel-filled interior (optional): Moreover some cables have an internal filling of gel within the jacket that encases the fibers to provide extra protection.

• Water-blocking feature: Lastly, the gel prevents water from traveling inside the cable if the outer jacket is damaged. This helps maintain the quality of the signal, as well as prolonging the lifespan of the cable.

ii) What is Aerial Fiber Cable?

Now, if we talk about Aerial Fiber Cables then keep in  mind that they are lighter and more flexible compared to burial ones and are designed to be suspended between utility poles.

Figure 3: Aerial Fiber Cable

• Properties

• Support with a steel messenger wire:  Aerial fiber optic cables are typically bound to a robust steel wire, which assists in suspending the cable between poles and provides strength.

• Better stability in the air: You know the messenger wire is an added support that prevents it from swinging excessively during windy or extreme weather.

• Built-in messenger wire: In certain situations,  some aerial cables come equipped with a messenger wire pre-embedded within the cable. This is referred to as a self-supporting cable.

2) Key factors when choosing between Direct Burial and Aerial fiber cable

Knowing the differences between direct burial fiber and aerial fiber cables is very important before deciding between direct burial fiber and aerial fiber cables. 

i) Environmental and Installation Conditions: Aerial vs Underground ( Burial ) fiber Optic cable 

Whether you choose the direct burial or aerial options, the location and the environment where you plan on installing the fiber cable are quite important. Let us explain further:

• Burial Cables

i) Rocky Soil: When it comes to rocky soil, installing the cable while digging could be a challenge. However, if there are rocks below ground level, cables with a burial option are still a better preference because they are well protected from weather and damage.

ii) Sandy or Soft Soil: Sandy or soft soil makes digging easier. Direct burial cables work wonderfully in these regions. However, appropriate cable securing measures must be taken during the shifting of soil. 

Figure 4: Location & Environment for Burial Cables

iii) Root-Filled Areas: Moreover, direct burial cables work well even if there are thick tree roots below ground level. They can be installed at deeper grades to avoid root contact.

vi) Zones with Minimal Flooding Risk: Last but not least, the best areas for burial cables are dry or low-lying lands where flooding is not an issue. Without the concern of rising water levels, these cables can be buried deep underground.

• Aerial Cables

i) Urban Areas:  Aerial cables are often easier to install in urban areas because utility poles are often already in place. This eliminates the need for digging, which can complicate the process. 

ii) Rural Areas: In the rural areas, aerial cables work just fine if the poles are handy. Compared to burying cables, these are easier to set up, especially if the area is rough to dig in.

Figure 5: Location & Environment for Aerial Cables

iii) Wet or Flood-Prone Areas: Also, in locations where flooding is common or soil is wet, aerial cables are useful since they are placed above the ground and do not get exposed to water, unlike direct burial cables, which could be damaged by flooding.

vi) Crowded or Construction areas: Moreover, Aerial wires are helpful in places where construction work is happening or in busy places where digging would be a hassle. Since the cables are positioned above the ground(on the poles), there’s no need to dig the soil or road.

ii) Installation Costs and Complexity: Aerial fiber vs Burial fiber cable

• Aerial Cables

• Faster and easier installation: Aerial cables are not set in trenches; their installation is quicker. They are mounted on existing utility poles, thus, it is easier to speed up the process of placing cables on poles.

• Less labor-intensive: Compared to burial cables, fewer workers and equipment are needed for aerial cables, which reduces labor expenses.

Figure 6: Aerial Installation Complexity

• Burial Cables

• Higher labor cost: The burial cable installation involves a skilled worker. This wiring method is labor-intensive as it also requires trenching, hence the use of machinery with digging capabilities.

• Trenching complexity: Trenching becomes a complex procedure when installed with rock soil, along with roots and other underground elements. Installation times, along with cost, are increased.

Figure 7: Burial Installation Complexity

• Permits: Plus, a trench for the burial cable may require a digging permit, and rules might differ in more populated regions because digging near urban areas should be avoided.

iii) Maintenance: Aerial fiber vs Underground fiber optic cable

• Direct Burial Cables

In many situations, these cables are safeguarded from damage due to wind, animals, and falling branches because they are buried underground. However, burial makes the cable more difficult to repair if it gets damaged. It must first be dug, which can be both time-consuming and costly.

Figure 8: Direct Burial Cable damage

• Aerial Cables

Since aerial cables are suspended above ground, identifying issues is much easier. Thus, repairs and maintenance can be performed swiftly as the cable is easily reachable. However, Aerial cables are open to damage from the elements and interference by wind, birds, animals, or branches.

Figure 9:  Aerial Cables Damage

iv) Lifespan: Underground vs Aerial Fiber

• Underground (Burial) Fiber Cables  

Since burial cables are placed underground, they incur lower physical stress and can last between  30–50 years when installed properly. However, under the soil, their function may impair function if the cables are unshielded, unwater-blocked, or unarmored.

• Aerial Fiber Cables  

In contrast, aerial cables are directly subjected to weather conditions. These factors may contribute to faster weather-related erosion, especially due to ultraviolet radiation and ice build-up. However, with proper weatherproofing, life span improves to around  20–30 years.  

In a Quora review, Benoit Felten explained that fiber cables usually last around 20 to 25 years. However, she pointed out that with new technologies, the higher power levels could cause more light loss in fiber bends. Thus, thi affect the fiber’s coating and cause some issues. She also warned that low-quality fiber installed today could have issues within 10 years.

Figure 10: Quora Review

Conclusion

All in all, direct burial cables provide greater structural support and protective factors associated with their installation. But unluckily their costs are higher and they are also more complicated to repair. 

On the other hand, If we talk about aerial fiber, then be happy as they are less expensive and easier to install, but their long-term exposure to wind or sun leaves them more exposed to damage. Hence, evaluating your project’s expenses, location, as well as upkeep requirements will aid you in choosing your desired option.

For reliable and cost-effective burial and aerial cables solutions, Dekam has you covered. Upgrade your network with our trusted solutions today and enjoy high-performance connection!